Teenage Illegal Drug Use

Teenage Illegal Drug Use THESIS OUTLINE Young people using illegal drugs. Reasons for why teens use drugs. Enhance pleasure. Instant gratification. Lack of confidence. Common risk factors associated with drugs. Family history. Mental or behavioral disorder. Impulse control problems. Risk of accidents and deaths due to drug overdose. Poison deaths. Statistics about drug misuse. Increase in road accidents. Drug affects family relationships. How drugs affect parents and siblings. Destructive behavior of parents. Effects of drugs on Academics. Statistics and facts of teen use drugs and alcohol in colleges. Drop out from schools. Maintain gangs. Peer pressure. Prevention tips. Build emotional ties. Confront problems quickly. TEENAGE ILLEGAL DRUG USE THESIS STATEMENT: Teenage illegal drug use is a problem in the world today, using drugs increases risk of accidents, ruin family relationships, job prospects and academic failure. TEENS USE ILLEGAL DRUGS: Teenage illegal drug use is common in today’s world. Not every teen uses drugs; there are several risks by using drugs, which include an increase in accidents, ruining family relationships and academic failure. Drug addiction or use is highest among teens and late 20’s, according to the national survey by national survey on drug use and health NSDUH (2013), the drug usage among teenagers varied in people aged between 12-18, most of them are using illegal drugs. Teens are addicted to drugs to enhance pleasure, fun, self-medication, lack of confidence, to vary their conscious experience, relive pain, to promote and enhance social collaboration by Larsen, (n.d). From the book, drug abuse sourcebook (2013), teens take drugs to maintain gang, to escape or relax, to relive boredom, rebel and peer pressure. Illegal drugs are very hazardous used by teens (p.100). According to Dasha (2014), 60% of Canada teenagers use illegal drugs between ages 15 to 24. Teenagers also use drugs on an occasional basis and used as a part of a social life that can include parties and dating. In India, teenagers few teenagers are addicted to drugs, in villages most of them use marijuana. Europe has less number of teenagers compared with American teenagers. Drugs can affect very quickly and without knowing them, the length of time that it effects varies, it depends on how much quantity of drug taken, some drugs are legal when lawfully used for medical purposes. However, that does not mean drugs are safe. As per the survey UNODC in 2014 countries like Australia, United States of America, Spain, Urban Afghanistan and Pakistan, the illicit use of drugs is more common among the men and women. The most common risk factors associated with drugs in teenage are family history, mental or behavioral disorders and impulse control problems. Mostly, the problem starts from family history. Especially when teen parents are having drug problem, this affects the child has or teen behavior and can increase the risk to try drugs (NIDA, 2012). Depression and anxiety or deficit hyperactivity disorders in teenage can increase more risk with the use of drugs. Those who are addicted to drugs would likely going to have mental disorder problems; they suffer often from mood and anxiety disorder. This may cause physical illness or disability, brain damage. The most common factor that teens affected by impulse control disorders, this involves chronic problems in one’s ability his or her emotions and behaviors. Due to lack of self-control, teens suffer from these disorders and experience disruptions in social, personal, family and academic aspects. Using drugs, exposure to violence, family history are most common risk factors faced by teens. Parents should take care of the children’s health and behavioral problems; they should be vigilant on drug use. In the article â€Å"Young people and illegal drugs† the Australian government (2013), parents can make children healthy and safe role model, teach them how to make good decisions-get the facts, find out the risks and plan family events they can take part in. they have to keep eye on behavior and feelings. Sometimes young people who are depressed or have mental illness use drugs to help them cope with feeling bad, as per south Australian government (2013). Teens might be unusual behavior, silence, anger towards, change of friends and change in physical appearance in teens who use drugs by Australian government in the article young people and illegal drugs (2013). RISK OF ACCIDENTS AND DEATHS DUE TO DRUG OVERDOSE: The majority of the accidents and deaths in teenage are caused due to drug overdose. From the book drug abuse Larsen, (n.d.), explained about the risk of accidents and deaths are due to drug over dose. Every drug is a poison; a large amount of drug can kill the person due to accidents and poison. The legal and illegal drugs root the vast majority of poisoning deaths; According to the 2013, national survey on drug and health (NSDUH) and NIDA (2014), an approximate 9.9 million-teenager aged 12 or older are driving under the influence of illicit drugs during the year prior. This is the lower compared with 2012 by National Highway Traffic Safety and Administration (NHTSA). Vehicle accidents are lead to cause poisoning deaths from injuries among the young people between ages 16 to 19 statement by (NIDA) Drug driving; nearly 9 out of 10 deaths caused by illegal drug usage; in past four decades the motor vehicle traffic deaths increased due to poisoning by drug uses that are unintentional, suicides, undetermined intent. The comparison between boys and girls, the ratio is 2:3 compared from 1999. According to international statistics in 2005, over 4.4 million teenagers in the US admitted taking prescription painkillers and almost 50% of teens believe that prescription drugs are much safer than illegal street drugs. Up to 60 percent to 70 percent of prescription drugs used as source of drug for teenagers by drug free world by Goldberg, C. (2013, April 22). According to the World drug report (2013), few countries as Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are the mostly affected in Asia related deaths using illicit drugs. In Africa, around 17,500 numbers of people including teenagers are drug related deaths (WHO, 2012). Overall, drugs can increase to accidents risk regardless of the presence of alcohol; the contribution of drugs was significantly higher than that produced by alcohol. Use of drugs while driving tends to fatal and serious injuries. DRUG AFFECTS FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS: When a child gets addicted to drugs, the entire family unit suffers of physical and mental health (Beth Covelli, 2014). According to American government survey, one in 10 teenagers between 12 and 17 years of age are illicit drugs (2009). Parents and siblings have a key role in modeling and the reinforcement of drug use by teens. Most of the Drug abuse has a lot of stress on parents and siblings declined in their health related to stress of living with the child’s drug problem by Laura (n.d). Drug use can compact parent-child relationships to prevent drug use and the family conflicts might increase, when teen take drugs they may forget because their focus is on getting and taking drugs and they may lie or steal money to purchase drugs by Nefer, B. (2005). The teen drug user might do anything that upsets neighbors and friends and make the family ashamed. Some teens who are addicted are out of control and do not see about the problems causing by themselves in drug facts by NIDA. Younger siblings of drug users can identified as at increased risk of drug exposure and intention. If the parents or brothers who addicted to drugs they may spoil the relationships in family. Most of the siblings exposed to drugs because they share the same room or house (Larsen, n.d). Drug use has a major impact on relationships; it effects the emotional, financial and psychological of the entire family and friends. The drug use tends to blame on others in families, the situations may cause negative effects on younger siblings. EFFECTS OF DRUGS USE ON ACADEMICS: Drug use on campuses is universal. According to Health study, 90% of teens have used drugs and many of their classmates are using illegal drugs stated by co-students in the schools and colleges. Students usually dropout from schools or colleges due to illegal drugs, about 17 percent of students, 2.8 million are abusing drugs in school days in United States of America. Most of the schools are like hubs for drug activity with 44 percent of high school students who sells and use drugs by Reinberg, S. (2011, November 7). Private school students reported 54 percent of drugs available in schools and 61 percent of students are drug infected in public schools. In the article, â€Å"Effects of drugs and alcohol on Academic life†, 95% of the college campus violence related to drugs, over 60 percent of all college women intoxicated using drugs. Teenagers feel pressured to use drugs at parties and social gathering; they use drugs to get relieved from work related stress, financial worries or relationship problems and for feeling of shyness. Illicit drug use among dropouts was higher than for those in school (31.4 percent vs. 18.2 percent). Teenagers who use drug are more likely than non-users to drop out of school and less likely than non-users to graduate from high school. According to research at Colorado State University, teen drug abuse increases the risk of failure at schools. Poor academic performance can lead to increase truancy and dropout rates. The drugs are the main factor for teen violence; students with violent tendencies are likely to resist authority by (university of Illinois). Drug use can cause teenagers more vulnerable to depression and suicidal behavior. The symptoms of depression can manifest themselves in the form of being late to class and unable to complete assignments and other activities (Turner, 2009). Most of the teenagers maintain gangs to protect themselves (Lares, n.d). Some youth attend schools where violence is all too familiar and physical fighting is frequent relied upon to settle disputes (OSWALT, 2011) in Exposure to Violence. The influence of social media and electronic media can be negatively affecting the young people in many ways like exposing them to violence, reinforcing the importance of money. A staggering three quarters of teens between ages of 12 and 17 years old admitted that seeing photos of fellow classmates using drugs on social media encouraged them to do the same from the article â€Å"The influence of social media and teen drug use†. They are exposing them to extreme violence, which can desensitize them to reality, reinforcing the importance if money, consumerism and status symbol in Australia (2015). The main reason for the gang violence are the use and sale of drugs in campus, disputes over gang territory, gang rivalries and fights among members of the other gang. PREVENTION TIPS: The best know fact about prevention about the illegal drug use is â€Å"Not to take drugs†. To live a healthy life and drug free life there are few prevention tips for parents, faculty and teenagers: Parents have to keep time for kids to know about the kid’s schedule of the day. They should be vigilant about their children’s, make family dinner as often, spend time, and share the views, know about the friends. This can build emotional ties between parents and children’s (Phoenix house, 2012). Students will experience freedom and this may result with drug use, the use of illegal drugs is always dangerous. Faculty and university should change behavior of the student even he refuse your help and they should interact with students to avoid the drug culture. CONCLUSION: To conclude, illegal drug use will be impact on the teenagers and increase the risk factors including accidents, crimes, academic failure. All of these issues are very significant to the individual teen, the family and society. Teenagers should know the facts and knowledge about the drug use and its effects and they can live drug free life. REFERENCE: (AMERICAN PSYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION) BARNARD, M. (2005, April 27). Drugs in the family: The impact on parents and siblings | Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/drugs-family-impact-parents-and-siblings DrugFacts: Drugged Driving. (2014, December 1). Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving Drugs teenagers Better Health Channel. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.Nsf/pages/Drugs_teenagers?open Goldberg, C. (2013, April 22). National Study: Teen Misuse and Abuse of Prescription Drugs Up 33 Percent Since 2008, Stimulants Contributing to Sustained Rx Epidemic Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.drugfree.org/newsroom/national-study-teen-misuse-and-abuse-of-prescription-drugs-up-33-percent-since-2008-stimulants-contributing-to-sustained-rx-epidemic/ Larsen, L. (2014). Drug abuse sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the abuse of cocaine, club drugs, marijuana, inhalants, heroin, hallucinogens, and other illicit substances and the misuse of prescription and over-the-counter medications; along with facts and statistics about drug use and addiction, treatment and recovery, drug testing, drug abuse prevention and intervention, glossaries of related terms, and directories of resources for additional help and information (4th ed.). OMNIGRAPHICS. MANAGING YOUR HEALTH. (2011, November 7). Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/managing-your-healthcare/articles/2011/11/07/more-than-a-third-of-teens-turning-to-alcohol-drugs-study. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drugged Driving Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving on April 22, 2015 Nefer, B. (2005). Drug abuse and relationships. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. Retrieved January 7, 2015, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/195062-drug-abuse-relationships/ Parenting and Child Health Health Topics -. (2013, October 10). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114np=141id=1747. Simple Methods to Prevent Your Teen from Using Drugs or Alcohol. (2012, September 19). Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.phoenixhouse.org/news-and-views/news-and-events/simple-methods-to-prevent-your-teen-from-using-drugs-or-alcohol/ THE EFFECT OF DRUG AND alcohol on academic life. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from https://www.fit.edu/caps/documents/effects of drugs.pdf The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Academic Life. (2011, September 21). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://sobercollege.com/2011/the-effects-of-drugs-and-alcohol-on-academic-life/ WORLD DRUG REPORT 2014. (2014, June 1). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2014/World_Drug_Report_2014_web.pdf

Lake Nakuru

Lake Nakuru is located in central Kenya, 140km north-west of Nairobi in Nakuru of the rift valley Province. It covers an area of 188 km2 Lake Nakuru's climate ranges from cold, hot and humid, to hot and dry. The annual rainfall is 965mm. Lake Nakuru is a very shallow strongly alkaline lake 62 km2 in extent. It is surrounded by woodland and grassland next to Nakuru town. The landscape includes areas of marsh and grassland alternating with rocky cliffs and outcrops, stretches of acacia woodland and rocky hillsides covered with Euphorbia forest on the eastern perimeter. Lake Nakuru was first known as a bird sanctuary in 1960 and upgraded to National Park status in 1968. A northern extension was added to the park in 1974 and the lake was designated as a Ramsar site in 1990. The foundation of the parks food chains is the cyanophyte spirulina platensis which can support huge numbers of lesser flamingo. Kenya is also home to all of the Big five Animals which are Lion, Rhinoceros, Leopard, Water Buffalo and the Elephant these animals are a major tourist attraction and are one of the reasons why many tourists go to Kenya. Desertification in General It has been said that forests came before human beings and deserts followed them. Desertification is becoming a major problem as more and more of the world's land surface is turned into desert. The new deserts which are being created are not necessarily hot, dry sandy places, but are instead any areas where the soil has been so mistreated by humans that it is now useless for growing crops. You may think that this doesn't affect us here in Britain; after all, it's too wet and cold for a desert to be formed here, that may be true, but that doesn't mean that desertification won't affect us. Think about it, if our soil is not conserved, then our food supply and all our lives are threatened. Soils can be ruined easily in areas where seasonal rainfall is unreliable. Cutting down forests and trees, over-cultivation of the soil and over-grazing can all contribute to desertification. In poorer countries, farmers often know what needs to be done, but they and their families live so near to starvation that they cannot even afford to buy what they need to keep their families healthy, let alone attempt to solve their problems. Tourism in Kenya Tourism is very important to Kenya because it keeps the economy stable, the local people get to interact with people from other countries, the ideal situation is that poor rural people get a fair share of their money from the produce they make and a reasonable share of the revenues are enjoyed by the local communities in Kenya. The Government link up with poor people in the rural areas so that poverty is reduced and poor people are able to participate more effectively in tourism development while earning an adequate income. I don't feel that this always happens as seventy percent of people employed by park lodges are not local's (Maasia), this shows that the locals are not getting the jobs needed for the survival of them and there families therefore they are not getting are fair share of the jobs. Local people are not consulted before new tourist developments are built making unfair as they do not get a say on what goes on in their towns. Tourism does produce a lot of money for Kenya, in 2004 they made 39.2 billion KSh (Kenyan shillings – the local currency) and in 2005 they made 48.9 billion KSh that's an increase of 9.7 KSh in just one year, so we can see that their tourist industry is growing quite quickly. There are several factors that cause social, environmental and economic problems in Kenya, such as: Problems Concerning Tourists The climate in Kenya has very low precipitation this means that they have extremely low rainfall throughout the year. Tourists expect a certain environment when on holiday like clean drinking water, swimming pools, ice in their drinks and showers on demand to keep them cool. This puts pressure on a country with low rainfall as they can not provide these luxuries on a regular basis. A possible solution to this problem would be to attract tourists to the ‘Real Kenya' by offering a true Safari Holidays camping out, using less water and experiencing local cuisine. Due to high pollution levels in the water, one of Nakuru's main attractions, the flamingos are leaving. The flamingo come to lake to breed but as the lake is becoming more and more polluted by sediment and near by factories they have decided to flee. This is bad for Nakuru's income and tourism as many tourists come to see the large amounts of flamingos that breed here but now they have gone a lot of tourists may not bother coming to Kenya. This problem could be solved by moving the factories as far away possible from the national park and lake so that flamingos don't feel the need to leave Due to the low precipitation levels in Kenya the farmers find it hard to grow their crops, which means they can not provide food for their families and cannot make a steady income. If the tourists were to use less water there would be enough for the farmers to grow their crops and feed their animals. Tourist industries feel that locals are not qualified enough to have well paid jobs. One solution to this problem is that the tourist industries could employ some local people and as part of the job the tourist industries could give them training so that they would be able to work the higher paid jobs. This would mean that the locals with the higher paid jobs would be able to supply their families with food, clean drinking water and clean clothes and ensure that their own children receive an education which would be good for the economy as a whole. Tourists often travel around on safari in land rovers for their comfort and safety, this breaks up the soil causing deforestation and sediment in the lake, the more sediment in the lake the cooler it gets, killing fish. The Hamming and other birds feed by looking into the water and seeing the fish they want to eat, this will not be possible soon as the sediment makes the water cloudy. A possible solution to this is that the tourists could take hot air balloon flights whilst on safari instead of driving Land Rovers this would prevent the soil from breaking up, therefore creating less sediment in the lake and disruption to the environment. Problems Concerning Locals and Animals Wild animals often escape from the National Park, the animals are not used to human contact. The wild animals can then spread diseases to local domestic animals, many small farms that depend on their animals for money or food are located next to the National Park. A potential solution to this is to put up thorn fences in the national park that look more natural and will not harm the animals too much, but will stop them from escaping. The Government could also provide vaccines for the domestic animals to stop them from catching the wild animal's diseases. As the population of Nakuru town increases more mouths need to be fed which means more crops need to be grown, but the soil needs to be rested to avoid soil erosion. A possible answer to this problem is to provide better education on contraception for the farmers and local people. Nakuru town has no sewage systems and the amount of waste being produced is increasing as the population is increasing, this means that they will get an overflow of sewage, very nasty smells and the sewage also carries diseases and attracts vermin into the town. The solution to this problem is the same as the last, to provide contraception and education on how to use it for the local people to help the locals reduce the amount of children they have. The Kenyan government needs to invest/raise money for the local infrastructure. Kenya is an LEDC (Lower Economically Developed Country) and needs to expand its manufacturing industry (such as factories) to become richer. Local people need jobs and the manufacturing industry needs to expand, it is also an economical problem as the manufacturing industry needs to become richer too compete with other countries. A potential answer to this problem would be to build more factories and employ local people. The Manufacturing Industry need investment from foreign companies which would provide more jobs for locals and this would enable them to provide for themselves. After all my investigations I feel that there are a few problems that are drastic and need taking care of immediately: * Over population – If this is not taken care of then the town of Nakuru will overpopulate making it hard for farmers to grow enough crops, there won't be enough drinking water and there probably won't be enough houses. A possible solution for this is to educate the town about contraception or to introduce a law where people are only allowed to have one child and if they have more then they have to pay tax on that child. * No sewage Systems – This means that due to the over population there will be an overflow of raw sewage in the town which will bring in vermin that will bring in disease to the local people. A possible solution to this is for The Kenyan government to invest/raise money for the local infrastructure. * Wild animals with diseases often escape from the National park – This need to be taken care of immediately because if all domestic animals are infected with disease by the wild animals, then all of the local's meat will deplete and the farmers won't be able to make as much money, therefore not being able to support their families. A possible solution to this is to put up thorn fences that will be cheap and practical, but will also look very natural. Conclusion From all of my research my opinion on Safari Holidays and the problems they cause is that they are disturbing the animals for example, there is a lot of sediment in the lake causing the temperature to go down which kills the fish, also the wading birds cannot see there food in the lake. This is caused by extensive use of land rovers that should be replaced with more friendly things like hot air balloons. They also disturb the animals by doing safari early in the morning when the animals are most likely mating or hunting. Although the Safari holidays do cause problems for the animals they bring in a lot of money for the government and the locals. The money goes towards things like housing, but could also be used to build new sewage systems as the waste that is produced will start to overflow into the town of Nakuru causing disease and vermin to come into the town. If I had a chance to go to Lake Nakuru on a field trip I would look for problems such as how sturdy fences were to see if animals could escape easily or not, I would see if I could find the amount of sediment in the lake. I would like to speak to the manger of the national park and ask for their annual profit from particular areas such as safari and food and drink sales, this would show an estimate of how much is made by tourism in one year. If I were to go to Nakuru in 20 years time I would expect there to be many of these problems solved, if they are not I believe that their profit will start to fall and they will not be able to stay a national park anymore.

Essay Scientific Inquiry - 1286 Words

Scientific inquiry is a process of critical thinking and asking questions that helps determine factual information that has been tested and proved or disproved instead of relying on assumptions and intuition. Scientific inquiry is important in psychology, as it is in all fields of science, allowing us to examine assumptions, assess outcomes, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, and put ideas to the test. This scientific approach guards us against hindsight bias, believing after learning an outcome that we would have foreseen it, known also as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon. It also protects us from judgmental overconfidence, the bias to seek information that confirms a judgment based on intuition. Hindsight bias and overconfidence†¦show more content†¦This one individual, if studied, would provide a different set of data then the one’s used to conclude that smokers die younger. The survey is another useful tool that asks questions and asks people to report thei r behavior or opinions. Surveying allows a psychologist to gather information from large groups, but this can still error because the requested information relies on the wording of a question, the group selected to respond, and the respondents giving accurate self reports. If we were to survey students on college campus on their drinking habits we will get a very different response from the professors on the same college campus with the same survey. Naturalistic observation is a research method that allows us to watch and record data in a natural occurring environment. This allows us to observe situations without external controls or manipulations. However, naturalistic observation only permits us to describe a behavior, not explain it. 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While most of the studies, which were mostly done within a single school in a small number of classrooms, show that cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning and scaffolding isRead MoreInquiry Based Learning1454 Words   |  6 Pages(Justice, Rice, Roy, Hudsptih, Jenkins, 2009).The success and development of skills of an individual begins in school. Inquiry based learning is one approach that plays a critical role in the development in array of skills, knowledge, and concepts needed to become successful individuals and is not new to educati on. Inquiry based learning is not a new concept in education. Inquiry based learning can be traced back to educational theorists such as Dewey, Bruner, Postman, and Weingarten (Justice, Rice

Suspense and Tension in Brian De Palmas film The...

Suspense and Tension in Brian De Palmas film The Untouchables During the 1920s many people were unemployed because of the poor economic conditions in America and to make it worse, were drinking to make their lives more tolerable. The government decided to ban the sale and drinking of alcohol, this was period was called The Prohibition. People continued to want to drink and this lead people to go to illegal bars or speakeasies which sprang up all over America. Gangsters such as Al Capone and others saw this as an opportunity to make money by transporting and supplying alcohol to the them.. As a result they became so wealthy and well organised that during the 1930s a special police unit was†¦show more content†¦The arrest of the bookkeeper should be fairly easy but Ness finds himself in with for reasons. Being a caring person he is helps a woman struggling to bring her baby up the stairs. While doing this Ness recognizes one of the gang members, taking out his gun he single-handedly defeats all the members of the gang while at the sam e time protecting the baby. Ness and Stone walk out the station unharmed and with the bookkeeper. Brian de Palma has used a variety of sound techniques to create a feeling of suspense and tension for the audience. Dialogue, sounds effects, ambient sounds and non-diegetic sounds have all been used to reinforce what the audience see. The content of the station scene is expressed through Nesss dialogue. He informs the audience of what is happening by what he says to other characters on and off screen. Sound effects have also used successfully to add realism so the audience can believe that what theyre seeing is actually happening. Non-diegetic sounds also played a big part in the station scene. It changes the mood of the audience from feeling excited to feeling tense and uncomfortable. First there were drums which made the audience feel Nesss tension as he tried to find the bookkeeper. Mobile music is then added, creating more tension showing now that Ness